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- Gilbert de Clare, 6th Earl of Hertford, 7th Earl of Gloucester (2 Sep 1243 - 7 Dec 1295) was a powerful English noble. He was also known as Gilbert the Red probably because of his hair colour. Gilbert de Clare was born at Christchurch, Hampshire, England, the son of Richard de Clare, Earl of Hertford and Gloucester, and of Maud de Lacy, Countess of Lincoln, daughter of John de Lacy and Margaret de Quincy. Gilbert inherited his father's estates in 1262. He took on the titles, including Lord of Glamorgan, from 1263. He was a Magna Charta Surety. In April 1264, Gilbert de Clare led the massacre of the Jews at Canterbury, as Simon de Montfort had done in Leicester. On 20 October 1264, Gilbert and his associates were excommunicated by Pope Clement IV, and his lands placed under an interdict. In the following month, by which time they had obtained possession of Gloucester and Bristol, the Earl was proclaimed to be a rebel. On 24 June 1268 he took the Cross at Northampton in repentance and contrition for his past misdeeds. He died at Monmouth Castle on 7 December 1295, and was buried at Tewkesbury Abbey, on the left side of his grandfather Gilbert de Clare. His extensive lands were enjoyed by his surviving wife Joan of Acre until her death in 1307.
Monmouth Castle is located close to the centre of Monmouth town, Monmouthshire, Wales on a hill towering over the River Monnow, behind shops and the main square and streets. Once an important border castle, it stood until the English Civil War* when it was damaged and changed hands three times before suffering the indignity of slighting to prevent it being fortified again. After partial collapse in 1647, the site was reused and built over by Castle House. It was built by William FitzOsbern, 1st Earl of Hereford, the castle builder, in around 1067 to 1071 and shares some similarities with Chepstow Castle, another of FitzOsbern's designs further south on the River Wye in Monmouthshire.
*The English Civil War (1642-1651) was a series of armed conflicts and political machinations between Parliamentarians (Roundheads) and Royalists (Cavaliers). The first (1642-46) and second (1648-49) civil wars pitted the supporters of King Charles I against the supporters of the Long Parliament, while the third war (1649-51) saw fighting between supporters of King Charles II and supporters of the Rump Parliament. The Civil War ended with the Parliamentary victory at the Battle of Worcester on 3 September 1651. The wars led to the trial and execution of Charles I, the exile of his son, Charles II, and replacement of English monarchy with first, the Commonwealth of England (1649-53), and then with a Protectorate (1653-59), under Oliver Cromwell's personal rule. The monopoly of the Church of England on Christian worship in England ended with the victors consolidating the established Protestant Ascendancy in Ireland. Constitutionally, the wars established the precedent that an English monarch cannot govern without Parliament's consent, although this concept was legally established only with the Glorious Revolution later in the century. [2]
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1243 - 1295 (52 years)
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